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1.
Rev Neurol ; 77(10): 249-252, 2023 11 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37962536

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Given the immaturity of the newborn, neonatal seizures are a diagnostic challenge. Most of them are secondary to an acute event. A small percentage constitute the onset of epilepsy. AIMS: The aim was to analyse neonates with a diagnosis of seizures admitted to a tertiary hospital between November 2009 and May 2021, and their subsequent progression to epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was carried out using the hospital database. Information was collected on neonates with a discharge diagnosis of 'seizures' or 'moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy'. Different variables were analysed: aetiology of the seizures, type, persistence over time, treatment and electroclinical correlates. RESULTS: Of 165 patients, 55 presented neonatal seizures. As regards aetiology, 43 patients (78%) had seizures secondary to an acute event, of which 19 (34%) were hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathies, and 22 (40%) had other acute disorders. Genetic alteration was found in six of them (11%). Thirteen patients (24%) progressed to subsequent epilepsy, of whom seven had symptomatic epilepsy, with a period of latency after the acute event in two patients. Six patients had neonatal epilepsy with unprovoked seizures. Twenty-two (62%) showed electroclinical correlates. All of the confirmed crises (100%) were focal. All the seizures were treated. The drug of choice was phenobarbital. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of neonatal seizures requires high clinical suspicion and electroclinical confirmation. Most of them progress favourably, but a percentage constitute the onset of epilepsy, the identification of which will determine their therapeutic management.


TITLE: Crisis neonatales y evolución a epilepsia en un hospital de tercer nivel.Introducción. Las convulsiones neonatales son un reto diagnóstico, dada la inmadurez del recién nacido. La mayoría son secundarias a un evento agudo. Un pequeño porcentaje constituye el inicio de una epilepsia. Objetivos. Analizar a los neonatos ingresados en un hospital de tercer nivel con diagnóstico de crisis entre noviembre de 2009 y mayo de 2021, y su evolución posterior a epilepsia. Material y métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio observacional retrospectivo utilizando la base de datos del hospital. Se ha recogido la información de los neonatos con diagnóstico en el alta de 'convulsiones' o 'encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica moderada o grave'. Se analizaron distintas variables: etiología de las crisis, tipo, persistencia temporal, tratamiento y correlato electroclínico. Resultados. De 165 pacientes, 55 presentaron crisis neonatales. En cuanto a la etiología, 43 pacientes (78%) tuvieron crisis secundarias a un evento agudo, de las cuales 19 (34%) fueron encefalopatías hipóxico-isquémicas, y 22 (40%), otras alteraciones agudas. En seis (11%) se encontró alteración genética. Trece pacientes (24%) evolucionaron a una epilepsia posterior, de los cuales siete presentaron una epilepsia sintomática, con un período de latencia tras el evento agudo en dos pacientes. Seis pacientes tuvieron epilepsia neonatal con crisis no provocadas. Veintidós (62%) mostraron correlato electroclínico. El 100% de las crisis confirmadas fueron focales. Todas las crisis se trataron. El fármaco de elección fue el fenobarbital. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico de convulsiones neonatales requiere una alta sospecha clínica y una confirmación electroclínica. La mayoría tiene evolución favorable, pero un porcentaje constituye el inicio de una epilepsia, cuya identificación determinará su manejo terapéutico.


Assuntos
Epilepsia , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Epilepsia/etiologia , Convulsões/etiologia , Afeto , Hospitalização , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/complicações
2.
Rev Neurol ; 64(4): 169-174, 2017 Feb 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28169412

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Vigabatrin (VGB) is a first-line drug for the treatment of infantile spasms. Recently, several reports claim the existence of abnormalities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (particularly affecting basal ganglia, and visible in T2 and diffusion sequences) in infants with spasms that were receiving high doses of VGB (> 100 mg/kg/day), which appear to be reversible after withdrawal of treatment. CASE REPORTS: We present two cases with an epileptic encephalopathy in the first year of life and seizures consisting of infantile spasms. Both were treated with several antiepileptic drugs, including VGB up to a maximum dosage of 200 mg/kg/day. At the age of 11 and 28 months, respectively, MRI images showed marked signal hyperintensities on T2-sequences on bilateral globus pallidus, thalamus, posterior portion of the brainstem and dentate nuclei, also visible on diffusion sequences. Both had previous unaltered MRI studies. After excluding an underlying metabolic disease, VGB withdrawal is decided, appreciating the reversibility of those lesions in a prospective MRI study, three months later. CONCLUSIONS: We must consider and carefully evaluate findings on brain MRI in infants receiving VGB at high doses for treatment of spasms. The apparent cytotoxic effect on basal ganglia could simulate metabolic/mitochondrial diseases. By knowing this effect of VGB and its typical MRI features, unnecessary testing can be avoided in young infants with epileptic encephalopathies, including complex procedures like muscle biopsy or a new metabolic screening.


TITLE: Alteraciones reversibles en la neuroimagen asociadas al tratamiento con vigabatrina en lactantes con espasmos epilepticos.Introduccion. La vigabatrina (VGB) es un farmaco de primera linea para el tratamiento de espasmos infantiles. Diversos estudios han hallado anomalias en la resonancia magnetica (RM) cerebral, que afectaban particularmente a los ganglios de la base, y especialmente en secuencias de difusion, en lactantes con espasmos que recibian VGB en altas dosis (> 100 mg/kg/dia), y se ha observado la desaparicion de las lesiones tras la retirada de dicho tratamiento. Casos clinicos. Se presentan dos casos clinicos con inicio de una encefalopatia epileptica en el primer año de vida y crisis en forma de espasmos infantiles. Ambos recibieron tratamiento con distintos farmacos, entre ellos VGB hasta dosis de 200 mg/kg/dia. Con 11 y 28 meses de vida, respectivamente, aparecian imagenes en la RM cerebral con una marcada hiperintensidad de señal en secuencias ponderadas en T2 en ambos palidos, talamos, porcion posterior del tronco encefalico y nucleos dentados, que asociaban restriccion en secuencias de difusion. Ambos disponian de estudios previos de RM, sin alteraciones. Tras excluir una metabolopatia subyacente, se decidio la retirada de la VGB y tres meses despues, en una RM de control, se aprecio la total reversibilidad de dichas lesiones. Conclusiones. Deben evaluarse con cautela los hallazgos de la RM cerebral en lactantes que reciban VGB en altas dosis para el tratamiento de espasmos. Su aparente efecto citotoxico sobre los ganglios de la base podria simular metabolopatias/enfermedades mitocondriales. Conocer este efecto de la VGB y sus caracteristicas tipicas en la RM puede evitar pruebas innecesarias, como una biopsia muscular o un nuevo cribado metabolico.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroimagem , Espasmos Infantis/diagnóstico por imagem , Vigabatrina/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/patologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Espasmos Infantis/tratamento farmacológico , Espasmos Infantis/patologia
3.
Cir Pediatr ; 15(1): 38-40, 2002 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12025476

RESUMO

The diaphragmatic hernia usually appears in neonatal period. The late onset, due to diafragmatic tear after blunt trauma, is exceptional. We report the case of a boy aged 13, who was studied for epigastric pain since two months. Contrast gastrointestinal study showed bowel loops in left hemithorax. The patient had a blunt abdominal trauma due to a fallen from a horse, when he was 6 year old. It was performed a thoracotomy with reinsertion of intestinal structures into the abdomen and closure of the anterolateral tear of left hemidiaphragm. Postoperative progress was without event and the boy was discharged home well. We emphasize the lack of symptoms during seven years after trauma and we point out that diaphragm rupture may occur. Symptoms could be no specific, only light respiratory or digestive alterations.


Assuntos
Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática , Traumatismos Abdominais/complicações , Adolescente , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/diagnóstico , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/etiologia , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/complicações
4.
Cir. pediátr ; 15(1): 38-40, ene. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14417

RESUMO

Las hernias diafragmáticas suelen aparecer en el periodo neonatal. Su aparición tardía, como consecuencia de una rotura diafragmática secundaria a traumatismo, es excepcional. Se presenta un caso de hernia diafragmática en un varón de 13 años, diagnosticado casualmente al estudiar un cuadro de dolor en epigastrio de 2 meses de evolución. El tránsito digestivo muestra asas intestinales en la mitad inferior del hemitórax izquierdo. Entre sus antecedentes personales destaca traumatismo abdominal, por caída de un caballo a los 6 años de edad. Se practica una toracotomía, reintroduciendo el contenido intestinal en el abdomen y se procede al cierre del defecto anterolateral del hemidiafragma izquierdo. La evolución postoperatoria fue favorable. Destacamos la ausencia de síntomas durante 7 años tras el traumatismo y señalamos que éste tipo de patología debe sospecharse cuando tengamos un antecedente de traumatismo abdominal importante y aparezcan síntomas respiratorios o digestivos, aunque sean leves (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Masculino , Humanos , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática , Fatores de Tempo , Ferimentos não Penetrantes , Traumatismos Abdominais
5.
Rev Neurol ; 30(1): 48-50, 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10742996

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Miller-Dieker syndrome is characterized for type 1 lissencephaly associated with facial dysmorphism. In 90-95% of the cases, deletion of the distal fragment of chromosome 17 is seen. Nevertheless, this is difficult to confirm in about 50% of the cases, if we don't resort to special technics of molecular genetics. CLINICAL CASE: We show a 3 years old patient diagnosed of lissencephaly and with peculiar facial features in whom the cytogenetic study was normal, but by in situ hybridization deletion of 17p13.3 fragment was showed. CONCLUSION: We want to emphasize the ultrasonography findings and we want to suggest this easy imaging method and useful technic in the study of neuronal migrational disorders.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Ecoencefalografia/métodos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Encefalopatias/genética , Pré-Escolar , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 17/genética , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Síndrome
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 30(1): 48-50, 1 ene., 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-18389

RESUMO

Introducción. El síndrome de Miller-Dieker se caracteriza por la asociación de lisencefalia tipo I con dismorfia facial. En el 90-95 por ciento de los casos se observa deleción del fragmento distal del cromosoma 17; sin embargo, este hecho es difícil de comprobar en aproximadamente la mitad de los casos si no se recurre a técnicas especiales de genética molecular. Caso clínico. Presentamos una nueva observación en una paciente de 3 años diagnosticada de lisencefalia y con rasgos faciales peculiares, cuyo estudio citogenético resultó normal, pero por hibridación in situ pudo evidenciarse la deleción de la banda 17p13.3. Conclusión. Queremos destacar los hallazgos de ecografía transfontanelar y sugerir este método de imagen como técnica sencilla y útil en el estudio de los trastornos de la migración neuronal (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome , Anticonvulsivantes , Cromossomos Humanos Par 17 , Deleção Cromossômica , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Ecoencefalografia , Epilepsia , Telencéfalo , Encefalopatias
8.
Rev Neurol ; 24(127): 293-5, 1996 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8742393

RESUMO

We report a patient with neonatal epilepsy, with no pattern of burst-suppression, secondary to the transient form of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Biochemical normalization at two weeks of age was followed by a good clinical evolution and neurological normality at one year of age. The patient showed markedly retarded myelination and microcysts in the frontal white matter, both transitory and with subsequent neuroradiological normalization. Only five patients have been previously described with this clinical variant, there being suspicion of a glycine cleavage system deficiency due to neonatal enzymatic immaturity.


Assuntos
Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Glicina/sangue , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia
10.
Rev Neurol ; 23(119): 148-50, 1995.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8548612

RESUMO

Valproate (VPA) is indicated for treatment of febrile convulsions (FC) and very infrequently is associated with impairment of cognitive functions. We present a 8 years old girl treated with VPA for FC who manifest a dramatic behavioral and intellectual disorder confirmed by neuropsychological tests. Three weeks after a reduction of VPA dosis we observed a spectacular clinical improvement. Then, medication was discontinued with normalization of the neuropsychological items, till now, more than one year later. At all time plasmatics levels of VPA were in range and we never observed direct toxicity by the drug. This is an exceptional picture, and for our knowledge never has been reported during treatment of FC. We think that is important to inform of drug-induced abnormalities like this for avoid unnecessary exams to search for neurodegenerative disorders.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Convulsões Febris/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Valproico/efeitos adversos , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Criança , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Ácido Valproico/administração & dosagem
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